He aha ka lole Polypropylene: Nā waiwai, pehea i hana ʻia ai a ma hea

He aha ka lole Polypropylene: Nā waiwai, pehea i hana ʻia ai a ma hea

na ka Hui Kākoʻo ʻo Sewport • Mei 25, 2022

He aha ka lole Polypropylene?

ʻO ka lole polypropylene kahi huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i kekahi huahana lole i loaʻa mai ka polymer polypropylene thermoplastic. ʻO kēia ʻano plastik he ʻāpana o ka hui polyolefin, a he non-polar a he hapa crystalline. Ma hope o ka polyethylene, ʻo ka polypropylene ka lua o ka plastik i hana pinepine ʻia ma ka honua, a ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, a me nā ʻano mea kūʻai aku a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hana lole.

Ua hoʻomohala mua ʻia kēia ʻano palakiko e ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo Phillips Petroleum i ka makahiki 1951. Ua hoʻāʻo nā kemika ʻo Robert Banks lāua ʻo J. Paul Hogan e hana i ka ʻaila mai ka propylene, a ua hana hewa lāua i ka polypropylene. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua he hāʻule, ua ʻike koke ʻia he hiki i kēia hui hou ke kūlike me ka polyethylene i nā noi he nui.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 1957, ua hana ʻia ka polypropylene i mea kūpono no ka hana nui ʻana. I ka makahiki 1954, ua holomua ka mea kemika Italia ʻo Giulio Natta a me kāna hoa Kelemania i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēia mea i loko o kahi polymer isotactic, a ua hoʻomaka koke ka hui Italia ʻo Montecatini e hana i kēia mea no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me nā mea kūʻai aku.

Ua kūʻai mua ʻia ʻo Polypropylene ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo "Moplen," a he hōʻailona kālepa i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kēia inoa no ka hui ʻo LyondellBasell. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mea i kapa ʻia ʻo polypropylene a i ʻole "polypro" no ka pōkole.

Noho papahele me ka canopy a me ke kaula i ka lole polypropylene i ka hina manu nūnū

I ka lilo ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polypropylene i mea kaulana loa i nā noi mea kūʻai aku a me nā ʻoihana, ua ʻike mālie ʻia ua hōʻike pū kēia ʻano palaki i ka hiki ke lilo i lole. ʻO ka lole Polypropylene kahi lole i ulana ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hana pololei ʻia ia mai kahi mea me ka ʻole o ka pono no ka milo ʻana o ka ulana. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka polypropylene ma ke ʻano he lole ʻo ia kona hiki ke hoʻoili i ka makū; ʻaʻole hiki i kēia lole ke omo i kekahi makū, a ma kahi o ia mea, hele ka makū ma o ka lole polypropylene.

ʻO kēia ʻano e hiki ai i ka makū i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā e ʻaʻahu ana i kahi lole polypropylene e mahu koke ma mua o ka lole e mālama ana i ka makū. No laila, kaulana kēia lole i nā lole i ʻaʻahu ʻia kokoke i ka ʻili. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano koʻikoʻi ko ka polypro e omo a mālama i nā ʻala kino ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā lole komo, a heheʻe nō hoʻi ia i nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Hiki i ka lole polypro i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke hana i nā kuni nui, a ʻo kēia pilikia hoʻi e hiki ʻole ai ke holoi i kēia lole i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka lole polypropylene kekahi o nā olonā synthetic māmā loa i loaʻa, a he kūpaʻa loa ia i ka hapa nui o nā waikawa a me nā alkalis. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka conductivity thermal o kēia mea ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā olonā synthetic, ʻo ia hoʻi he kūpono loa ia no ke komo ʻana i ke anuanu.

ʻO ka lole upholstery polypropylene i ulana ʻia i ka hīnaʻi Beige a me keʻokeʻo

Eia kekahi, kūpaʻa loa kēia lole i ka ʻānai ʻana, a kūʻē pū kekahi i nā pepeke a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o kona ʻano thermoplastic kaulana, maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka polypro plastic i nā ʻano like ʻole, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kēia plastic i ka haki ʻana o ke kaumaha.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻike nui ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka polypro e hoʻoluʻu ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana, a he paʻakikī hoʻi ke hoʻololi i kēia lole i nā ʻano like ʻole. He maʻalahi kēia lole i ka pōʻino UV, a ʻaʻole ia e pili pono i ka latex a i ʻole nā ​​​​epoxies. E like me nā lole synthetic ʻē aʻe, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi ka lole polypropylene i ke kaiapuni.

Pehea e hana ʻia ai ka lole Polypropylene?

E like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻano palakiko, hana ʻia ka polypro mai nā mea i loaʻa mai nā wahie hydrocarbon e like me ka ʻaila petroleum. ʻO ka mea mua, ua unuhi ʻia ka monomer propylene mai ka ʻaila maka ma ke ʻano kinoea, a laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia monomer i kahi kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo chain-growth polymerization e hana i ka polymer polypropylene.

Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o nā monomers propylene, ua hana ʻia kahi mea palaki paʻa. No ka hana ʻana i kahi lole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, pono e hui pū ʻia ka resin polypropylene me nā ʻano plasticizers like ʻole, nā mea hoʻopaʻa, a me nā mea hoʻopiha. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻohui i loko o ka polypro i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka mea i makemake ʻia, hiki ke ʻae ʻia kēia palaki e hoʻomaʻalili i loko o nā piliki a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pellets.

A laila hoʻoili ʻia kēia mau pellets a i ʻole nā ​​​​piliki i kahi hale hana lole, a hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia lākou. I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, a laila hana ʻia kēia polypropylene i mau pepa, a i ʻole e ʻae ʻia e hoʻomaʻalili i loko o nā ʻōmole. Inā hana ʻia nā pepa, a laila ʻoki ʻia kēia mau olonā lahilahi i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia a humuhumu ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia paha e hana i nā lole a i ʻole nā ​​​​diapers. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hana i ka polypropylene i nā huahana ʻaʻole lole.

Pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka lole Polypropylene?

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka lole Polypro i nā lole e makemake ʻia ai ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka makū. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano palaki e hana i nā pepa luna no nā diapers, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana o nā diapers e pili pono ana i ka ʻili. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polypropylene no kēia ʻāpana diaper, ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻaʻohe makū e pili ana i ka ʻili o ka pēpē, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻulaʻula.

ʻO nā waiwai hoʻoili wai o kēia lole i ulana ʻole ʻia ua lilo ia i lole kaulana no nā lole anuanu. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia synthetic e hana i nā lole komo a me nā pālule i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hanauna mua o ka ʻōnaehana lole anuanu hoʻonui ʻia (ECWCS) o ka US Army. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi nā lole i hana ʻia mai kēia lole i ka ʻoluʻolu o nā koa i nā kūlana anuanu, akā ua hoʻololi nā pilikia me nā lole polypro i ka pūʻali koa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hanauna hou loa o nā lole polyester no kā lākou ʻōnaehana Generation II a me Generation III ECWCS.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lole polypropylene e hana i nā lole haʻuki, akā ua nui nā pilikia me kēia ʻano plastic i hoʻolilo i nā mana hou o ka polyester i mea kaulana no kēia noi. ʻOiai makemake nui ʻia nā waiwai hoʻoili wai o kēia lole no nā lole haʻuki, ʻo ka hiki ʻole ke holoi i kēia lole me ka wai wela e paʻakikī ai ke wehe i nā ʻala mai nā lole haʻuki polypropylene. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hiki ʻole o kēia lole ke hōʻino ʻia e ka UV e lilo ia i koho maikaʻi ʻole no kekahi ʻano lole waho.

Ma waho aʻe o ke ao o nā lole, hoʻohana ʻia ka polypropylene plastic i nā tausani o nā noi like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana kaulana loa o kēia mea i loko o nā ʻōpala inu; ʻoiai ua hana mua ʻia nā ʻōpala mai ka pepa, ʻo ka polypropylene ka mea makemake nui ʻia no kēia noi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia plastic e hana i nā kaula, nā lepili meaʻai, nā ʻōpala meaʻai, nā aniani maka, a me nā ʻano ʻeke like ʻole.

Ma hea i hana ʻia ai ka lole Polypropylene?

ʻO Kina ka mea hoʻopuka nui loa i nā huahana polypropylene i kēia manawa. I ka makahiki 2016, ua hana nā hale hana ma kēia ʻāina i ka nui o nā polypro plastics i waiwai ʻia he $5.9 biliona, a ua manaʻo ʻia e mau ana kēia ala no ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mea ma Kelemania; ua hana kēia ʻāina ma kahi o $2.5 biliona o ka polypropylene i ka makahiki 2016, a ʻo Italia, Palani, Mekiko, a me Pelekiuma kekahi mau mea hana nui o kēia mea. I ka makahiki 2016, ua hana ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i $1.1 biliona i nā huahana polypro.

ʻO LyondellBasell ka mea pāʻani nui loa ma ka ʻoihana hana polypropylene honua. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hui ma Netherlands, a he mau kahua hana ma Houston a me Ladana.

ʻO ka lua ma kēia ʻoihana ʻo Sinopec Group, aia ma Beijing, a me PetroChina Group, aia ma Beijing hoʻi. ʻO nā mea hana 10 kiʻekiʻe o kēia mea no 55 pakeneka o ka huina o ka hana polypropylene ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Hana ʻia ka polypropylene i loko o nā lole ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO Kina ka mea hana nui loa o nā lole polypro i hoʻopau ʻia, a ua humuhumu ʻia kēia ʻano lole i loko o nā lole a me nā ʻano lole ʻē aʻe ma India, Pakitana, Indonesia, a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

ʻEhia ke kumukūʻai o ka lole Polypropylene?

Ke kau ʻia nei ka uhi lole polypropylene i loko o kahi moena kedera i hāpai ʻia

ʻOiai ʻo polypro kekahi o nā ʻano palakiko i hana nui ʻia, he mea maʻamau ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. He nui nā hale hana nui like ʻole e hoʻokūkū kekahi me kekahi e hopu i ka mākeke palakiko o ka honua, a ʻo kēia hoʻokūkū ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nei i nā kumukūʻai.

Eia nō naʻe, he pipiʻi paha ke kumukūʻai o ka lole polypropylene. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai, ʻo ia ka nele o ke koi; ʻoiai ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka lole polypropylene e hana i nā lole komo wela, ua hoʻolilo nā holomua hou i ka hana ʻana o ka polyester i kēia ʻano lole i mea kahiko loa. No laila, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o kēia ʻano lole i nā mea hana lole ma mua o nā lole synthetic like, e like me ka polyester, a ʻo kēia kumukūʻai i hoʻonui ʻia e hāʻawi pinepine ʻia i ka mea kūʻai hope.

He mea nui e wehewehe akā naʻe, pili wale kēia kumukūʻai hoʻonui i ka lole polypropylene i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana ʻia i lole. Kūʻai ʻia nā ʻano lole polypropylene like ʻole i kūpono ʻole no nā lole ma nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, a he ʻano pipiʻi loa lākou. Loaʻa kēia mau lole i nā ʻano kala like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole.

He aha nā ʻano lole Polypropylene like ʻole?

Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻohui like ʻole i ka polypro ʻoiai i loko o kona ʻano wai e hoʻololi i nā ʻano o kēia mea. Eia kekahi, aia ʻelua ʻano nui o kēia plastic:

• Homopolymer polypropylene: Ua manaʻo ʻia ka polypro plastic he homopolymer ke kū i kona ʻano mua me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui. ʻAʻole i manaʻo nui ʻia kēia ʻano polypro plastic he mea maikaʻi no ka lole.

• Copolymer polypropylene: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano lole polypropylene he copolymer. Ua māhele hou ʻia kēia ʻano polypro plastic i ka polypropylene copolymer poloka a me ka polypropylene copolymer random. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana co-monomer i ke ʻano poloka o kēia plastic i nā ʻano huinaha maʻamau, akā ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana co-monomer i ke ʻano random i nā ʻano random. He kūpono ka polypropylene poloka a random paha no nā noi lole, akā ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia o ka polypro plastic poloka.