ʻO ka hapaha hope loa, ua hoʻopuka ka Ministry of Commerce, i ka hui pū ʻana me ka General Administration of Customs, i kahi hoʻolaha hui e mālama i ka palekana o ka ʻāina a me nā pono i ka wā e hoʻokō ai i nā kuleana hoʻolaha ʻole o ka honua. Me ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻAha Mokuʻāina, ua kau ʻia nā hana hoʻokele ikaika i nā mea e pili ana i ka tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, a me indium. ʻO nā mea kikoʻī, ʻo nā mea pili i ka tungsten i hoʻomalu ʻia e pili ana i ka ammonium paratungstate, tungsten oxides, kekahi mau tungsten carbide i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, nā ʻano kikoʻī o ka tungsten paʻa (ʻaʻole i komo i nā granules a i ʻole nā pauka), nā tungsten-nickel-iron a i ʻole tungsten-nickel-copper alloys, a me nā ʻikepili a me nā ʻenehana e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ma lalo o nā code kikoʻī. 1C117.d). Pono nā mea hoʻohana a pau e hoʻokuʻu aku i kēia mau mea i ke kānāwai Export Control of the People's Republic of China a me nā Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items, e noi ana a loaʻa i nā palapala hoʻokuʻu aku mai nā luna kālepa kūpono o ka ʻAha Mokuʻāina. Hoʻomaka koke kēia hoʻolaha a hōʻano hou i ka Papa Mana Mana Hoʻouna o nā Mea Hoʻohana ʻElua o ka Lepupalika Kanaka o Kina.
I. Na mea pili i ka Tungsten
- 1C117.d. Nā mea pili i ka Tungsten:
- Ammonium paratungstate (HS Code: 2841801000);
- Tungsten oxides (HS Codes: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā karbida Tungsten ma lalo o 1C226 (HS Code: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. ʻO Tungsten paʻa me nā ʻano o kēia mau mea:
- ʻO ka tungsten paʻa (ʻaʻole ka granules a i ʻole ka pauka) me kekahi o kēia mau mea:
- Tungsten a i ʻole tungsten alloys me ka tungsten content ≥97% ma ke kaumaha, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia ma lalo o 1C226 a i ʻole 1C241 (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- ʻO nā huila Tungsten-copper me ka tungsten content ≥80% ma ke kaumaha (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- ʻO nā huila Tungsten-silver me ka tungsten content ≥80% a me ke kālā kālā ≥2% ma ke kaumaha (HS Codes: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o kekahi o kēia mau mea:
- ʻO nā cylinders me ke anawaena ≥120 mm a me ka lōʻihi ≥50 mm;
- ʻO nā paipu me ke anawaena o loko ≥65 mm, ka mānoanoa o ka paia ≥25 mm, a me ka lōʻihi ≥50 mm;
- Nā poloka me nā ana ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. ʻO Tungsten-Nickel-Iron a i ʻole Tungsten-Nickel-Copper Alloys me nā ʻano o kēia mau mea:
- Kaha>17.5 g/cm³;
- ʻO ka ikaika o ka hāʻawi ʻana > 800 MPa;
- ʻO ka ikaika tensile hope loa> 1270 MPa;
- Elongation >8% (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Nā ʻenehana a me ka ʻikepili no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ma lalo o 1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (me nā kikoʻī kaʻina hana, nā palena, a me nā polokalamu mīkini).
II. Nā mea pili i Tellurium
- 6C002.a. Metallic Tellurium (HS Code: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Hoʻokahi a i ʻole Polycrystalline Tellurium Compound Products (me nā substrate a i ʻole nā wafers epitaxial):
- Cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Cadmium zinc telluride (Nā Kānāwai HS: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- ʻO Mercury cadmium telluride (nā HS Code: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Nā ʻenehana a me ka ʻikepili no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ma lalo o 6C002 (me nā kikoʻī kaʻina hana, nā ʻāpana, a me nā papahana mīkini).
III. Nā mea pili i ka Bismuth
- 6C001.a. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka Bismuth Metallic a me nā huahana ma lalo o 1C229, e komo pū ana akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i nā ingots, poloka, beads, granules, a me nā pauka (HS Codes: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106109090, 8106109090, 8106109090, 810960 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (HS Code: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Nā ʻenehana a me ka ʻikepili no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ma lalo o 6C001 (me nā kikoʻī kaʻina hana, nā ʻāpana, a me nā papahana mīkini).
IV. Nā mea pili i ka Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Molybdenum Powder: Molybdenum a me nā'āpana'āpana me ka molybdenum content ≥97% ma ke kaumaha a me ka nui o ka nui ≤50 × 10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hanaʻana i nā mea missile (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Nā ʻenehana a me ka ʻikepili no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ma lalo o 1C117.b (me nā kikoʻī kaʻina hana, nā ʻāpana, a me nā polokalamu mīkini).
V. Nā mea pili i ka Indium
- 3C004.a. Indium Phosphide (HS Code: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Nā ʻenehana a me ka ʻikepili no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ma lalo o 3C004 (me nā kikoʻī kaʻina hana, nā ʻāpana, a me nā papahana mīkini).
ʻAʻole i pāpā piha ʻia nā mana hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Tungsten
ʻAʻole manaʻo nā mana hoʻokuʻu ʻo Tungsten i ka pāpā holoʻokoʻa akā pili i nā ana hoʻokele maʻamau no nā mea pili i ka tungsten. Pono nā mea hoʻopuka o kēia mau mea i nā ʻae mai nā mana kālepa kūpono o ka ʻAha Moku'āina e like me ke kānāwai Export Control a me nā Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items. ʻAe ʻia nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana a me ka ʻae ʻia.
Hiki i ka hopena ma ka Makeke Kuloko
Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, hoʻokuʻu aku i ka ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, a me tungsten carbide account no kahi mahele kaulana o ka nui o ka tungsten exports:
- ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o APT ma 2023 a me 2024 ma kahi o 803 tons a me 782 tons, kēlā me kēia, ʻo kēlā me kēia helu ma kahi o 4% o ka nui o nā tungsten hoʻoiho.
- ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Tungsten trioxide ma kahi o 2,699 tons i 2023 a me 3,190 tons i 2024, e hoʻonui ana mai 14% a i 17% o ka nui o nā hoʻoiho.
- ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka tungsten carbide ma kahi o 4,433 tons ma 2023 a me 4,147 tons i 2024, e mālama ana i kahi ʻāpana o 22%.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā mana hoʻokuʻu tungsten e hoʻokau i kēia mau mea i ka ʻoi aku o ka nānā ʻana a me nā kaʻina ʻae ʻia, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā hana a nā mea kūʻai aku. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hapa liʻiliʻi o kēia mau mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka tungsten, ʻo ka hopena holoʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolako ʻana o ka mākeke tungsten kūloko a me nā ʻano kumu kūʻai. Hiki i kēia kulekele ke paipai i nā ʻoihana e kālele i ka ʻenehana hou a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana e hoʻokō pono i nā koi o ka mākeke kūloko a me ka honua.
Koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o Tungsten
ʻO ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe o Tungsten, paʻakikī, conductivity, a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion e lilo ia i mea nui i nā ʻoihana honua. I ka hana kila, hoʻonui ka tungsten i ka ikaika, paʻakikī, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mīkini a me ke kūkulu ʻana. Ma ka uila, he mea nui ia no nā ʻāpana, nā alakaʻi kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia, a me nā filament kuʻuna. I ka aerospace, he mea koʻikoʻi nā tungsten alloys no nā ʻili mīkini a me nā nozzles rocket, e kākoʻo ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lewa. ʻO ka pūʻali koa, he mea koʻikoʻi nā tungsten alloys no nā projectiles piercing armor, missile parts, a me nā mea kaua, e hoʻopili pololei ana i ka hiki ke pale aku i ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi lako tungsten kūloko i mea koʻikoʻi no ka palekana aupuni.
Nā hopena pōkole a lōʻihi
I ka wā pōkole, e hōʻemi ana nā mana hoʻokuʻu aku i ka lako tungsten Kina i nā mākeke honua, hiki ke hoʻopau i nā kaulike hoʻolako-koi lōʻihi a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kumukūʻai tungsten honua i luna ma muli o ke koi paʻa o lalo. I ka wā lōʻihi, e hoʻoulu kēia mau mana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana, e paipai ana i nā hoʻopukapuka R&D, hoʻohana pono i nā kumuwaiwai, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana waiwai nui e hoʻonui ai i ka mana o Kina i ka ʻoihana tungsten.
Heluhelu Tungsten Global
Wahi a ka USGS, ʻo ka mālama ʻana o ka tungsten honua ma 2023 ma kahi o 4.4 miliona tons, ʻoi aku ka 15.79% i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka helu ʻana o Kina no 52.27% (2.3 miliona tons). ʻO ka hana tungsten honua he 78,000 tons, ma lalo o 2.26%, me Kina e hāʻawi ana i 80.77% (63,000 tons). Hōʻike ka ʻikepili kuʻuna Kina i nā mea hoʻopuka tungsten like ʻole, me ka tungsten ores, tungstic acid, tungsten trioxide, tungsten carbide, a me nā huahana tungsten like ʻole. I ka makahiki 2024, ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Kina i 782.41 tons o APT (lalo 2.53%, 4.06% o ka nui o nā hoʻokuʻu aku), 3,189.96 tons o tungsten trioxide (piʻi i 18.19%, 16.55% o ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana), a me 4,146.66% o ka carbide . 21.52% o ka nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia aku).
ʻO CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO., LTD he mea hoʻolako ʻoihana a mea hana i nā huahana tungsten carbide, e like me nā pahi hoʻokomo carbide no ka hana lāʻau, nā pahi pōʻai carbide no ka paka a me nā koʻokoʻo kānana cigarette slitting, nā pahi pōʻai no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pahu pahu corugatted, ʻekolu puka ʻokiʻoki ʻokiʻoki, ʻekolu pahu pahi pahi. ʻokiʻoki, ʻokiʻoki fiber no ka ʻoihana textile etc.
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o 25 mau makahiki, ua lawe ʻia kā mākou huahana i US A, Russia, ʻAmelika Hema, India, Turkey, Pakistan, Australia, Southeast Asia etc. A makemake mākou e hoʻokumu i nā pilina ʻoihana hou me nā mea kūʻai aku hou.
E hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou i kēia lā a e hauʻoli ʻoe i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka maikaʻi a me nā lawelawe mai kā mākou huahana!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-04-2025
