ʻO ka Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kānāwai e ka Pelekikena Joe Biden ma ʻAukake 15, aia ma mua o $369 biliona i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia e hakakā i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka pōʻai ea he uku ʻauhau federal a hiki i $ 7,500 ma ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa uila like ʻole, me nā kaʻa i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi mai nā mea hoʻoikaika EV mua, ʻo ia ka mea e kūpono ai no ka hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau, ʻaʻole pono e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā EV e hiki mai ana ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, akā e hana ʻia hoʻi mai nā pākahi i hana ʻia ma ka home a i ʻole ma nā ʻāina kālepa manuahi. ʻaelike me ʻAmelika e like me Kanada a me Mexico. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka lula hou e paipai i nā mea hana kaʻa uila e hoʻololi i kā lākou mau kaulahao lako mai nā ʻāina e ulu ana i ka US, akā ke noʻonoʻo nei nā mea hoʻomohala ʻoihana inā e hiki mai ana ka hoʻololi i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e like me ka manaʻo o ke aupuni, ʻaʻole paha.
Hoʻopili ka IRA i nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā pihi kaʻa uila: ko lākou mau ʻāpana, e like me ka pākaukau a me nā mea hana electrode, a me nā minela i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i kēlā mau ʻāpana.
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki aʻe, e koi ʻia nā EV kūpono ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua o kā lākou mau ʻāpana pākaukau e hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, me 40% o nā mea pono pākaukau e hele mai ana mai US a i kāna mau hoa kālepa. Ma ka 2028, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hapa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 80% no nā mea pākaukau a me 100% no nā ʻāpana.
Ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea hana kaʻa, ʻo Tesla a me General Motors, e hoʻomohala i kā lākou mau pahu ponoʻī ma nā hale hana ma US a me Kanada. ʻO Tesla, no ka laʻana, ke hana nei i kahi ʻano pākaukau hou ma kāna mea kanu Nevada i manaʻo ʻia he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai Iapana mai. Hiki i kēia hoʻohui kūʻokoʻa ke kōkua i nā mea hana kaʻa uila e hele i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka pā IRA. Akā ʻo ka pilikia maoli kahi e loaʻa ai i ka ʻoihana nā mea maka no nā pila.
Hana ʻia nā ʻeke uila mai ka nickel, cobalt a me ka manganese (nā mea nui ʻekolu o ka cathode), graphite (anode), lithium a me ke keleawe. ʻIke ʻia ʻo "ʻeono nui" o ka ʻoihana pākaukau, ʻo ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i kēia mau minela ka mea i hoʻomalu nui ʻia e Kina, ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e ka hoʻokele Biden he "ʻano hopohopo ʻē aʻe." ʻO nā kaʻa uila i hana ʻia ma hope o 2025 i loaʻa nā mea mai Kina e kāpae ʻia mai ka ʻauhau ʻauhau federal, e like me ka IRA. Hoʻopaʻa ke kānāwai ma luna o 30 mau minelala pākaukau e kū ana i nā koi pākēneka hana.
Loaʻa i nā hui mokuʻāina ʻo Kina ma kahi o 80 pakeneka o nā hana hoʻoponopono cobalt o ka honua a ʻoi aku ma mua o 90 pākēneka o nā nickel, manganese a me ka graphite refineries. "Inā kūʻai ʻoe i nā pila mai nā hui ma Iapana a me South Korea, e like me ka nui o nā mea hana kaʻa, aia ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa i kāu mau ʻāpana nā mea i hana hou ʻia ma Kina," wahi a Trent Mell, ka luna nui o Electra Battery Materials, kahi hui Kanada e kūʻai aku ana i nā lako honua kobalt i hana ʻia. Mea hana kaʻa uila.
"Makemake paha nā mea hana kaʻa e hana i nā kaʻa uila hou aʻe i kūpono no ka ʻauhau ʻauhau. Akā ma hea lākou e ʻike ai i nā mea hoʻolako pākaukau kūpono? I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe koho o nā kaʻa, "wahi a Lewis Black, Luna Hoʻokele o Almonty Industries. ʻO ka hui kekahi o nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho o Kina o tungsten, kahi mineral i hoʻohana ʻia i nā anodes a me nā cathodes o kekahi mau ʻeke uila ma waho o Kina, wahi a ka hui. (Na Kina ma luna o 80% o ka lako tungsten honua). ʻO nā mines Almonty a me nā kaʻina hana ma Sepania, Pokukala a me South Korea.
ʻO ka noho aliʻi ʻana o Kina i nā mea pākaukau ʻo ia ka hopena o nā ʻumi makahiki o ke kulekele aupuni koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻopukapuka kālā - hiki ke maʻalahi ke kānalua o Black i nā ʻāina Komohana.
"I loko o nā makahiki he 30 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Kina i kahi kaulahao lako lako pono ponoʻī," wahi a Black. "Ma nā ʻoihana Komohana, ʻo ka wehe ʻana i kahi mining hou a i ʻole ka ʻaila hinu e hiki ke lawe i ʻewalu mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mell o Electra Battery Materials, ʻo kāna hui, i kapa ʻia ʻo Cobalt First, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hana o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i ka cobalt no nā pihi kaʻa uila. Loaʻa ka ʻoihana i ka cobalt maʻemaʻe mai kahi mine Idaho a ke kūkulu nei ʻo ia i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma Ontario, Kanada, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka i nā hana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2023. Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Electra i kahi lua nickel refinery ma ka moku ʻo Kanada ʻo Quebec.
"ʻAʻole hiki i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ke hana hou i nā mea pākaukau. Akā ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au e hoʻoulu kēia bila i kahi pōʻai hou o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ke kaulahao lako pākaukau, "wahi a Meyer.
Hoʻomaopopo mākou makemake ʻoe e mālama i kāu ʻike pūnaewele. Akā, kōkua ka loaʻa kālā hoʻolaha i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kā mākou nūpepa. No ka heluhelu ʻana i kā mākou moʻolelo piha, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻopau i kāu hoʻolaha hoʻolaha. E mahalo nui ʻia kēlā me kēia kōkua.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-31-2022
