ʻO ke Kānāwai Hoʻēmi Hoʻonui Kūʻai (IRA), i kau inoa ʻia i kānāwai e Pelekikena Joe Biden ma ʻAukake 15, aia ma mua o $369 biliona i loko o nā ʻōlelo i manaʻo ʻia e hakakā i ka loli o ke aniau i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka pūʻolo aniau he uku hoʻihoʻi ʻauhau pekelala a hiki i $7,500 ma ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻano kaʻa uila like ʻole, me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai nā mea hoʻoikaika EV ma mua, ʻo ia ka mea e kūpono ai no ka hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau, ʻaʻole pono e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā EV e hiki mai ana ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau wale nō, akā e hana ʻia hoʻi mai nā pila i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina a i ʻole ma nā ʻāina kālepa kūʻokoʻa. nā ʻaelike me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e like me Kanada a me Mekiko. Ua manaʻo ʻia ke kānāwai hou e paipai i nā mea hana kaʻa uila e hoʻololi i kā lākou kaulahao lako mai nā ʻāina e ulu ana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā ke noʻonoʻo nei nā poʻe loea o ka ʻoihana inā e hana ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e like me ka manaʻolana o ka hoʻokele, a ʻaʻole paha.
Hoʻopau ka IRA i ʻelua mau ʻano o nā pila kaʻa uila: ko lākou mau ʻāpana, e like me nā mea hana pila a me nā electrode, a me nā minelala i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i kēlā mau ʻāpana.
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki aʻe, e koi ʻia nā EV kūpono e hana ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua o kā lākou mau ʻāpana pākahiko ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, me 40% o nā mea maka pākahiko e hele mai ana mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a i ʻole kona mau hoa kālepa. Ma ka makahiki 2028, e piʻi ka pakeneka haʻahaʻa i koi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 80% no nā mea maka pākahiko a me 100% no nā ʻāpana.
Ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea hana kaʻa, me Tesla lāua ʻo General Motors, e hoʻomohala i kā lākou mau pila ponoʻī ma nā hale hana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada. ʻO Tesla, no ka laʻana, ke hana nei i kahi ʻano pila hou ma kāna hale hana ma Nevada i manaʻo ʻia he lōʻihi ka laulā ma mua o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai Iapana mai. Hiki i kēia hoʻohui kū pololei ke kōkua i nā mea hana kaʻa uila e hala i ka hoʻāʻo pila IRA. Akā ʻo ka pilikia maoli kahi e loaʻa ai i ka hui nā mea maka no nā pila.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia nā pila uila mai ka nickel, cobalt a me ka manganese (nā mea nui ʻekolu o ka cathode), graphite (anode), lithium a me ke keleawe. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka "ʻeono nui" o ka ʻoihana pila, ʻo ka hana ʻeli ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i kēia mau minelala e kāohi nui ʻia e Kina, kahi i wehewehe ai ka hoʻokele Biden he "hui haole e hopohopo nei." ʻO kēlā me kēia kaʻa uila i hana ʻia ma hope o 2025 nona nā mea mai Kina mai e kāpae ʻia mai ka hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau pekelala, e like me ka IRA. Ua papa inoa ke kānāwai ma luna o 30 mau minelala pila e hoʻokō ana i nā koi pakeneka hana.
ʻO nā ʻoihana mokuʻāina Kina nona ma kahi o 80 pakeneka o nā hana hana cobalt o ka honua a ʻoi aku ma mua o 90 pakeneka o nā hale hana nickel, manganese a me graphite. "Inā kūʻai ʻoe i nā pila mai nā ʻoihana ma Iapana a me Kōlea Hema, e like me ka hana a nā mea hana kaʻa he nui, aia kahi manawa kūpono e loaʻa ana i kāu mau pila nā mea hana hou ʻia ma Kina," wahi a Trent Mell, ka luna hoʻomalu o Electra Battery Materials, kahi ʻoihana Kanada e kūʻai aku ana i nā lako honua o ka cobalt i hana ʻia. Mea hana kaʻa uila.
"Makemake paha nā mea hana kaʻa e hoʻolilo i nā kaʻa uila hou aku i kūpono no ka hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau. Akā ma hea lākou e loaʻa ai nā mea hoʻolako pila kūpono? I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe koho a nā mea hana kaʻa," wahi a Lewis Black, Luna Nui o Almonty Industries. ʻO ka hui kekahi o nā mea hoʻolako ma waho o Kina o ka tungsten, kahi mineral ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā anodes a me nā cathodes o kekahi mau pila kaʻa uila ma waho o Kina, wahi a ka hui. (ʻO Kina ka mana ma luna o 80% o ka lako tungsten o ka honua). ʻO nā mines a me nā kaʻina hana ʻo Almonty ma Sepania, Pokukala a me Kōlea Hema.
ʻO ke kūlana koʻikoʻi o Kina ma nā mea maka o ka pila ka hopena o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ke kulekele aupuni a me ka hoʻopukapuka kālā - hiki ke hoʻohālike maʻalahi ʻia ke kānalua o Black ma nā ʻāina Komohana.
"I loko o nā makahiki he 30 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Kina i kahi kaulahao lako mea maka pākahiko kūpono loa," wahi a Black. "Ma nā ʻoihana Komohana, ʻo ka wehe ʻana i kahi hale hana mining a i ʻole kahi hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila hiki ke hala i ʻewalu mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mell o Electra Battery Materials ʻo kāna hui, i ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Cobalt First, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hana cobalt no nā pila uila ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Loaʻa i ka hui ka cobalt maka mai kahi lua maina ma Idaho a ke kūkulu nei i kahi hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma Ontario, Kanada, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka i nā hana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2023. Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Electra i kahi hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe nickel ʻelua ma ka panalāʻau ʻo Quebec ma Kanada.
"ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ka hiki ke hana hou i nā mea pila. Akā ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au e hoʻoulu kēia bila i kahi pōʻai hou o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā i ke kaulahao hoʻolako pila," wahi a Meyer.
Maopopo iā mākou makemake ʻoe e mālama i kāu ʻike pūnaewele. Akā, kōkua ka loaʻa kālā hoʻolaha i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kā mākou nūpepa. No ka heluhelu ʻana i kā mākou moʻolelo piha, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻopau i kāu mea pale hoʻolaha. E mahalo nui ʻia kekahi kōkua.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-31-2022
